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Grammar and Punctuation Guide For Writing: Commonly Confused Words

Commonly Confused Words

Accept vs. Except

Accept is a transitive verb meaning to willingly receive, allow, or approve of something or someone.

Except is used a preposition meaning not including, or other than. 

Affect vs. Effect

Affect is a verb, it means to influence something. Effect is a noun, it is a result of an action.

Anyway vs. Any way

Anyway means regardless, it is an adverb. Any way is a phrase meaning method or way of doing something.

Appraise vs. Apprise

Appraise is verb meaning to assess the value or quality of something. Apprise is also a verb, but means to inform or tell something to someone. 

Capital vs. Capitol

Capital is a noun, is a stock of accumulated goods especially at a specified time and in contrast to income received during a specified period. 

Capitol is a building in which a state legislative body meets. 

Climactic vs. Climatic

Climactic is used in movies, plays, songs, or other events that describe the most intense part of the action. Climatic is in reference to climate and long-term weather patterns in an area. 

Complement vs. Compliment

Complement is in reference to something else that that makes something perfect or complete. 

Compliment is a when someone says something in praise.

Compose vs. Comprise

Comprise is something, or parts, that something is made of.  Compose means to create or make up. 

Elicit vs. Illicit

Illicit is an adjective that describes something that is illegal, banned, or not permitted. Elicit is a verb meaning to call forth or draw something out. 

Emigrate vs. Immigrate

Immigrate means to go to or come to a country to live there. Emigrate means to leave a country to live somewhere else. 

Ensure vs. Insure

Ensure means to protect against error, to make certain something will occur. Insure is to protect against loss, or to provide or obtains insurance. 

Farther vs. Further

While both are about distance, farther means a greater distance in a literal, physical sense, while further is figuratively or a metaphorical distance.

Its vs. It’s 

It's is a contraction of it is, its is a possessive pronoun, like his or her, but no defined gender. 

Lie Vs. Lay

Lie is a verb, it means to recline or rest on a surface. Lay is a verb, it means to put or place something, somewhere. 

Lose vs. Loose

Lose means to misplace or have something lost, it is a verb. Loose means something is not tight, slack, can be moved, it is an adjective. 

Passed vs. Past

Passed is a verb meaning to move on by. Past is an adjective that describes a period of time, which was earlier. 

Set vs. Sit

Sit is to rest, or to be seating. Set is to place something somewhere. 

Than vs. Then 

Than is a conjunction used to compare two things. Then is an adverb indicating an aspect of time. 

Their vs. There vs. They're

Their is a pronoun that is plural possessive. There is a word that means a particular place. They're is a contraction of they are. 

To vs. Too vs. Two

To is a preposition, it is indicating a certain direction. Too means in addition or also, it is an adverb. Two is a number. 

Who vs. Whom

Who is used as a subject of a sentence, it is a pronoun. Whom is pronoun used as a direct object. 

Your vs You're

Your is a pronoun that is a second person possessive. You're is a contraction that means you are. 

Commonly Confused Words